Sustainable Applications of Tyre-Derived Aggregates for Railway Transportation Infrastructure

Scrap tyres are used to produce tyre-derived aggregates (TDA), which can be as fill material, backfill drainage layers, and vibration-damping among other uses. This study presents a comprehensive review of TDA applications in civil engineering with specific focus on railway projects. A the existing literature reveals lack sufficient knowledge use slab tracks. article also analyses adequacy different constitutive models properly simulate performance while highlighting importance adopting most suitable model. The variations shear stresses displacements depth below ballasted tracks presence absence discussed. It is shown that effectively reduces for subgrade layer both track types. Moreover, impact stress transfer vertical lateral directions assessed. findings from present analysis reveal helps reducing near its placement position